For example:. This reasoning helps resolve one objection to essentialist theories, but there is another flavor of objection to essentialism.
Something besides one essential feature seems to be required to define art; it is not a simple matter. The fact that essential criteria do not necessarily exclude one another helps; some art embodies several of the features. However, the true usefulness of these essential features may be as judgment criteria, rather than defining factors. The family-resemblance, or cluster theory of art is a reaction to perceived failures of theories of art that attempt to define art by a common property.
There is no single common property among art objects. Works of art have a family resemblance, overlapping similarities. The family resemblance concept was originally suggested by Austrian philosopher Ludwig Wittgenstein in his work Philosophical Investigati ons , where he addressed the problem of attributing a common characteristic to all things that go by one name.
His examples included games. There are many types of games — board games, ball games, card games, etc. Morris Weitz was an American philosopher of aesthetics. He was critical of the many theories of art that attempt to define art by finding an essential feature possessed by all works of art. Compared to theories on the nature of art that designate an essential criterion, the family-resemblance or cluster theory offers the possibility of being more inclusive; work rejected by other theories can be considered art by family resemblance.
A criticism to the cluster or family resemblance theory is that it is ahistorical; that is, the cluster of concepts used to define art does not hold over time. In addition to discussing this criticism of cluster theory, the following journal article provides an example of present-day scholarship on aesthetics.
Conventionalist theories of art are grounded in fundamental principles or agreements, explicit or implicit, of the art-world society. These theories for defining art set boundaries for what should and should not be included in the realm of art.
Their effect is to exclude certain kinds of work, especially those that are progressive or experimental. I think that what distinguishes photographs is that the way they show the world to be depends on how it was, without depending on how the photographer took it to be.
Of course, there are complexities here, to do with the very considerable control the photographer does have over the image. A good question! Perhaps, in other words, we should start instead by asking why we care about this painting, or that piece of music; or perhaps by asking what there is to care about in say painting in general that is not available in music, and vice versa.
However, it is my job to explore why they should care — to find the differences between originals and forgeries that might make it reasonable to prefer the former. The question only really gets interesting if we imagine that the forgery is perfect, i. Even so, the original will have properties the forgery lacks. The original might, for example, be ground-breaking as art; the forgery can at most be ground-breaking as a copy.
The answer can only lie in the thought that what is valuable in an artwork must show up in our experience of it. Can the ground-breaking nature of the original do this, even though the indistinguishable forgery lacks that feature? Want to bring real life beauty back? Ever thought about what life would be like without photography?
Join us as we learn more about him and his work in this interview. Sign in. Forgot your password? Get help. Password recovery. Home English What is difference between aesthetic and beauty? English General Lifestyle. Read the full answer Aesthetics, also spelled esthetics, the philosophical study of beauty and taste. Beside this, What are examples of aesthetics? Also Read Is Red Dye 40 banned? Share this: Twitter Facebook. Why is Impossible Burger bad?
Please enter your answer! Please enter your name here. You have entered an incorrect email address! Jamel Lasseter. Color is considered a kind of form and how form is arranged is a formal property.
What medium e. These will be discussed further in the next module. As Dr. Silverman, of California State University explains, the sequence of questions in an aesthetic analysis could be: what do we actually see? How is what is seen organized? And, what emotions and ideas are evoked as a result of what has been observed? Silverman, Ronald.
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