Portals to various otherworlds dot the range's hidden crevices; "gnarly ground" compresses vast areas of land into tiny patches, and witches, wizards, and godlike monks practice their arts in secluded communities. Due to a relative rarity of flat surfaces, kingdoms in the Ramtops tend to be small, isolated, and sparsely populated. Much of the economy is agrarian and communities largely consist of loosely affiliated groups of self-sufficient farms.
The Ramtops are known for their harsh winters; snow drifts can rise up to fifteen feet during the worst storms. One of the biggest and best known of the myriad Ramtop kingdoms is Lancre. Regions in Lancre include:. The lands around the Hub, also called the High Tops, are icy, mountainous and cold.
They are also the areas closest to the Cori Celesti, and so are crackling with magic. They are roughly equivalent to Earth's Himalayas, being home to Yeti and various Buddhist-style monastic orders, such as the History Monks , which give the area the nickname "Enlightenment Country". They are also the closest thing the Disc has to a pole, and so are home to its equivalent of polar bears and walruses, mentioned in The Last Hero. The countries in the foothills of the Ramtops retain the rural, agrarian character of the mountains, but possess their own unique cultures.
Pratchett himself has described it as "the mysterious vampire-ridden domain of Uberwald, whose fragmentation into smaller states after the breakup of the Evil Empire is occupying a lot of politicians' minds", which parallels the rise of independent states in Eastern Europe, including Romania , the modern-day state containing Transylvania , following the fall of the Soviet Union.
Although it has a large human population, they play a secondary role in the region's history. It is ruled by its dwarfs , vampires and werewolves.
The recent history of Borogravia consists mainly of fighting wars with every other country in the area most notably Zlobenia , for various ill-defined reasons. The current war with Zlobenia has gone on for so long that nobody can remember what it was about.
Borogravia is a Duchy , and as such is ruled by a Duke or Duchess. The ruler at the time of Monstrous Regiment was Duchess Annagovia, who has achieved virtual godhood among the people. The Borogravians' principal god is or rather was Nuggan. Prayers to the Duchess generally ask for intercession with Nuggan. At some point see Thief of Time Borogravia was noted for its chocolate. However, since Nuggan disliked chocolate, this may no longer be the case.
In Night Watch , it is mentioned in passing that Borogravia has invaded Mouldavia. Borogravian regions include:. Zlobenia name reminiscent of Slovenia with its capital Rigour probably a play on Riga is a principality ruled by Prince Heinrich, who is described as tall, handsome, and smug.
It has fought numerous wars with Borogravia, usually territorial disputes over the River Kneck, which forms the border between the two nations and frequently changes its course after flooding.
Zlobenia's soldiers wear blue uniforms. Borogravians call Zlobenians ' swede eaters'. As such, there may also be a paralell to the Napoleonic Era British and French going on between Borogravia and Zlobenia.
Heinrich has visions of making Zlobenia "the Ankh-Morpork of the mountains", much to the amusement of Samuel Vimes. Heinrich is also heir to the Borogravian throne after the death of the Duchess Annagovia. In Monstrous Regiment he declares war against Borogravia to assert his claim. The Chalk is an area of rolling chalk downland near Lancre , bearing a great resemblance to Pratchett's native Wiltshire.
The "soft" geology of the area is, according to some mountain witches, not conducive to the channelling of magic. In fact this is a misconception the bones of the hills are flint , and powerful witches can and do reside there, although the local baron has outlawed witchcraft, meaning they do not identify themselves as such.
Home of Tiffany Aching. Llamedos is a land noted for its druids, its bards, and its rain. Rain is the chief export of Llamedos; it has rain mines. Holly is the one plant that can grow in the Llamedos's climate; everything else just rots.
Llamedos is run by druids, who dot the land with stone circles used for computation. This is a lifetime job, since they frequently need upgrading. Llamedos is a fairly obvious parody of the British nation Wales. Its annual bardic competition, the Eisteddfod , is still held in Wales. The name is a reference to Dylan Thomas's radio play "Under Milk Wood", for which he created the fictitious Welsh town of Llareggub "bugger all" spelled backwards.
Llamedos, accordingly, is "Sod 'em all", spelled backwards. The inhabitants tend to speak with a doubled-L accent, i. The Octarine Grass Country is an area of rich farmland which, thanks to its proximity to the Ramtops, also happens to be saturated with magic -- so much so, in fact, that it is possible to grow re-annual crops ; crops that germinate and grow the spring before you plant them.
This is the homeland of Mort. Far beyond the Sto Plains and the Ramtops, yet still on the Unnamed Continent, lie a number of disparate cultures, most of which have only been mentioned briefly in the novels; the most notable is the small city of Genua , a Morporkian-speaking nation that bears some resemblance to New Orleans.
Others include Brindisi, a very Italianate culture, and No Thingfjord, a Nordic culture of ice and interminable sagas.
This is probably an allusion to the rich agricultural region of central Kentucky known as the Bluegrass Region. The continent of Klatch consists of that part of the Discworld's supercontinent that is rimwards of the Circle Sea.
Like the distinction between Europe and Asia, the difference between Klatch and the unnamed continent that Ankh-Morpork stands upon is arbitrary and cultural rather than geographically evident. It can be thought of as roughly equivalent to Africa in our world. Klatch is also the name of the continent's largest nation; a multi-ethnic empire rimwards to turnwise of the Circle Sea. It resembles medieval Arabic states and has a political system similar to the Ottoman Empire.
Its capital is Al Khali popularly known as 'the Gateway to the mysterious continent of Klatch' , and it includes outlying regions such as Hersheba and Syrrit. Regions within the country of Klatch part of the Klatchian Empire include:. From the novels Small Gods and Pyramids the location of certain nations on the Klatchian coast can be determined; Djelibeybi separates Tsort and Ephebe, and Ephebe borders an undetermined border in uninhabitable desert Omnia.
Ephebe : An Ancient Greek-style city-state, known for its olives, its slaves and its philosophy. Described as a democracy, though more of a representative republic in the modern sense than an ancient Athenian-style democracy. Djelibeybi : Once a sclerotic, decrepit, pyramid-infested land, now seeking a new identity as a free port. A parody of Ancient Egypt. Tsort : A place known mre in myth than reality no books have yet been set there, with the possible exception of the events portrayed in Eric where a certain wizzard and Eric Thursley appear for a short stint , but historically the Disc's analogue to ancient Troy.
To this day Tsort and Ephebe believe there is a place for giant wooden horses in combat. Tsort possesses a Great Pyramid, although pyramid-building has long been out of fashion and - no doubt because of the example of nearby Djelibeybi - modern Tsorteans scorn the things.
Tradition claims Tsort was razed by the armies of Ephebe under Lavaeolus , and that it was home to the famed Tsortean Knot until the Knot was undone — sliced in half — by Carelinus. The people of Tsort worship all manner of gods , some of which seem to comprise all the bits the other gods had left over.
The river Tsort bisects the desert rimwards of Al Khali. Omnia is a desert theocracy ruled by the Cenobiarch, the head of the Omnian Church, from the Citadel in the capital city of Kom a sort of cross between Jerusalem and the Vatican, though its name is probably derived from Qom. In addition to the reasons already described, here are some additional facts. Some researchers believe that there could be even more countries in the future.
This is because Libya has often been in turmoil, because of extremists there fighting for control and different governments trying to take over since Gaddafi was overthrown. Based in Barcelona, Spain, Catalonia is the country's financial center. Catalans have wanted a separate state for many years, although many are opposed to separation. Somaliland part of Somalia considers itself independent and has its own government, army, and currency.
It had self-proclaimed independence and has informal ties with other countries. Formal recognition from the rest of the world is yet to come, though. Nope, Scotland is not a country; it is part of the United Kingdom.
Some Scotlanders want to keep things as is, but others want to split. A referendum vote for Scottish independence did not pass, and the vote for Brexit revealed that 62 percent wanted to remain with the European Union.
Political map of the world. Places like Palestine, Kosovo and Taiwan are partially recognized which increase the count. Like Earth, the Special Region has one moon, and is part of a solar system that includes at least four more planets. It is also not clear if the Special Region is located in a parallel universe, or somewhere in the same universe as Earth. Uncertainty about this fact also makes it difficult to determine if the Special Region are occurring at the same time as events on Earth, or if the entire world exists in Earth's relative past or future, with the Gate acting as a portal through time, rather than just space.
In addition to normal humans, the Special Region is inhabited by a number of humanoid races, many of which are oppressed by the human majority, at least in the Empire. These races include typical "fantasy" races, most notably elves and goblins, as well as a number of people possessing animal-like peoples, such as the Warrior Bunnies , Medusas, who suck life energy through their snake-hair , Djinn-like people with four arms, Sirens similar to harpies , winged peoples, and those with deer antler.
Overall, the level of technology in the Special Region is early medieval era. Gunpowder and firearms are unheard of and is seen as magical. Metallurgy is limited to forging and blacksmiths. Electricity and internal combustion are also unknown.
Simple machines such as pulleys and levers are widely used. Warfare is mostly composed of human wave attacks and close combat. All aspects of life are through manual labor. The concept of industrialization and mechanization is practically nonexistent. Ideas and concepts such as interchangeable parts, standardization of production, assembly lines, etc are unknown. All products are hand-crafted by specialists and therefore time-consuming to create.
Mass production on a large scale is virtually impossible and expensive. Natural resources for production such as ores, lumber and textiles, etc exist in abundance, but the methods of gathering and processing these resources are slow and inefficient. Mining is done via pickax, shovel and manual work. Lumber is done by felling trees by hand. Metallurgy is limited to hand-forging. Petroleum and other sources of oil are mostly untouched due to the lack of internal combustion engines.
Travel, transport, and communication is relatively slow and is limited to walking, horses, carriages, wyvern and word of mouth.
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